Blanche Dorothea Calloway (February 9, 1902 – December 16, 1978) was an American jazz singer, composer, and bandleader. Born in Baltimore, MD., she was the first child of Cabell Calloway II and Martha Eulalia Reed, and the older sister of Cab Calloway.

A musically gifted child, Blanche grew into her many talents and became a singer in the Eubie Blake and Noble Sissle show “Shuffle Along” and then the traveling show “Plantation Days”. When the tour ended in Chicago, she became the band leader for Blanche Calloway and Her Joy Boys and later, Blanche Calloway and Her Orchestra.

With a music career that spanned over fifty years, Calloway was the first woman to lead an all-male orchestra and performed alongside musicians such as Cozy Cole, Chick Webb, Louis Armstrong and her brother Cab Calloway. Her performing style was described as flamboyant and a major influence on her brother's performance style.